In some traditional cultures and rural areas modern practices are limited by the belief that only the exposed parts of the body hands, feet, face need to be washed daily; and also by Christian and Muslim belief that the naked body is shameful and must always be covered.
During the years when film was developed by commercial photo labs, snapshots taken by parents of their nude infant or toddler children were reported to the police as possible.
With the rise of Nazism in the 1930s, the nudism movement split ideologically, the socialists adopting the views Koch, seeing his programs as part of improving the lives of the working class.